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The World : Court OKs Marcos Ruling

A federal appeals court in Richmond, Va., upheld a contempt order against former Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos and his wife, Imelda, for refusing to submit documents to a grand jury investigating possible corruption in arms deals by Marcos’ government. The grand jury had subpoenaed the Marcoses in January to testify and provide documents, and the couple tried to quash the subpoena. But the three-judge panel of the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals held that head-of-state immunity cannot be invoked by an individual, only by a nation, and the Manila government had waived Marcos’ immunity.

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